Libya

A spokesperson for Tunisia's interior ministry said migrants were transferred to reception centres and provided with health and psychological care, with the help of the Tunisian Red Crescent. Tunisia and Libya announced on Thursday an agreement to share responsibility for providing shelter for hundreds of migrants stranded at their border. The migrants, mainly from sub-Saharan African countries, had been driven to the desert area of Ras Jedir by Tunisian authorities and left there to fend for themselves, according to witnesses, rights groups and UN agencies. Aid groups said hundreds of migrants from sub-Saharan African countries remain stranded there in life-threatening conditions.

Malta and Libya have signed an MoU, valid for three years with an option to extend for an additional year, that sets up coordination centres, one in Malta and one in Libya, funded by Malta to coordinate and support regulation of migrant boats from Libya to European countries. It further stipulates that Malta propose to the EU Commission for increased financial support to strengthen Libyan border security including “for the interception and follow-up of human trafficking activities in the search and rescue region of the Mediterranean basin.”

The MOU between Italy and Libya includes cooperation in combating irregular migration, human trafficking and migrant smuggling, and on reinforcing border security between the two countries. Libya and Italy also agreed to set up a joint operations centre to identify migrant smugglers and human traffickers, facilitating cooperation between the coastguards, the Department of Combatting Illegal Migration, the Libyan Attorney General, and intelligence services from both countries.

The 2016 MOU between Italy and Libya aims to conduct a training programme for the Libyan coast guard and navy to better secure Libyan waters, and to enhance their law enforcement capacity in tackling human trafficking and migrant smuggling and preventing deaths at sea. This agreement was renewed in 2019.

Decision No. 386 establishes the Directorate for Combating Illegal Migration, an independent agency, to address illegal immigration.

Article (1) Labour relations between the citizens of the Great Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya shall be free relations aimed at eliminating the slavery of workers and establishing partnership in the economic unity that they establish. Partnership shall be among Libyan citizens and may be among nonLibyans. Paid work in public entities or the cases where the party concerned chooses not to participate in accordance with the provisions of this Law may be an exception to this. Article (2) Labour in the Great Jamahiriya shall be a right and duty for all male and female citizens. It shall be based on the principle of equality in employment among citizens or among citizens and other foreigners residing legally in the Great Jamahiriya. Obligatory labor, forced labor, and manifestations of injustice and exploitation shall be absolutely prohibited.

Law No. 12 of 2010 promulgating the Labor Relations Law includes the following: Article 93: The employer must treat the domestic worker in a manner consistent with humane treatment and may not insult or humiliate him, whether verbally or physically, and the employer may not employ the domestic worker in arduous or hazardous work in a manner contrary to what is specified in the contract concluded between the two parties. Article 99: The employer must provide equality between those who work for him in domestic service and other categories of workers, and all the provisions of this law apply to them, especially with regard to the following: The right to join specialized trade unions, enjoy protection in the field of social security, minimum working age, weekly rest or leave, maternity protection, and minimum wage. Article 100: The employer is obligated to allow the labor inspector to inspect the domestic worker's conditions and living conditions to ensure compliance with labor laws and regulations.